Product Code: ICAL06_106

Which Laser Process for Steel to Aluminium Joining?
Authors:
Guillaume Sierra, CEA/DRT/GERAILP and LMGC; Montpellier France
Patrice Peyre, GERAILP/LALP; Arcueil France
David Stuart, GERAILP/LALP; Arcueil France
Frédéric Deschaux-Beaume, LMGC UMR 5508 CNRS; Montpellier France
Gilles Fras, LMGC UMR 5508 CNRS; Montpellier France
Presented at ICALEO 2006

The joining of galvanized -or not- low carbon steel to 6000 aluminium alloys was investigated by Nd:YAG laser process with three different assembling modes : 1) a key-hole mode welding which generates liquid aluminium to liquid steel interaction, 2) a solid steel to liquid aluminium interaction with laser-induced reactive wetting, and 3) a braze-welding mode with an Al-12 Si filler material. This study aimed at evaluating the feasibility of each assembling mode, at characterizing metallurgically the joints and at estimating the mechanical properties of each assembly by transverse tensile test in order to establish criteria to choose the best process for joining steel to aluminium. The overlap-welding in key-hole mode allowed to obtain good joints (150 N/mm) when limiting the penetration of steel into aluminium. The reactive wetting assembling mode studied in a lap-configuration gave great mechanical strengths (180 N/mm) when limiting the maximum temperature at the interfaces by adjusting experimental parameters (P and v), using or not a Al-12 Si filler wire. Using galvanized steel was more difficult because of the possible zinc vaporization occurring during laser interaction. Finally, besides the mechanical properties of the three assembly modes, robustness of each process was discussed.

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